2D Simulations of Breaking Wave Impacts on a Flat Rigid Wall - Part 2: Influence of Scale
Résumé
Three different breaking wave impacts against a flat rigid wall have been numerically simulated in 2D at two different scales, scale 1 and scale 1:6, with Froude-similar inflow conditions but keeping the same fluids (water and air) at both scales. Sufficiently refined discretizations have been used in order to adequately capture the impulsive loads at wall. The simulations have been performed with SPH-flow, which solves the compressible Euler equations for liquid and gas, thanks to a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The three waves have been selected in order to generate wave shapes just before impact, representative of those leading to the largest loads during 2D sloshing model tests for low filling levels or during wave impact tests in flumes. Three gas-pocket impacts with different sizes of the gas cavity have been chosen. Results obtained at scale 1 have been presented in Part 1 of this work (Guilcher et al., 2014). Results at scale 1:6 are presented here in this Part 2. Pressure maps P(y, t), where y is the vertical location of any point at wall and t is the time, and time-traces of the different components of the energy are presented in the same way as for results at scale 1, in order to enable an easy comparison. Results at both scales are compared after scaling the results from scale 1:6 as though the flows were in complete similarity. Inconsistencies are shown and explained by unsealed gas and liquid compressibility.